Document Forensics: Recovering Archimedes' prayer book

Multi-spectral and x-ray fluorescence imaging were needed to recover the text and diagrams from a long-lost copy of Archimedes' own prayer book.  The book was in very bad condition (written on parchment that had since been re-used to make another book) and it has taken nearly a decade to recover the content. Details can be found in this Science News Online article. Fascinating stuff, not just because of the insights gained into Archimedes, but also from the laborious forensic work required to recover the content.